Roland Collection - The Bauhaus and De Stijl

The Bauhaus and De Stijl

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11 programs

Abstraction

Piet Mondrian

Mondrian - N/A

Theo van Doesburg

The Rietveld Schröder House

The Bauhaus

A Memory of Moholy-Nagy

Man and Mask

Paul Klee

The Bauhaus at Weimar - N/A

The Flame of Functionalism

This section of programs can be purchased on VHS

Television rights and prices on request

1919 - 40

Founded by Walter Gropius in 1919, the Bauhaus (`building house') school of design, craft and architecture gathered together the most progressive artists in Germany and eastern Europe, and exerted a dominating influence on art and design throughout the world that is still felt today.

The Bauhaus was a self-contained center of artistic instruction and culture with tremendous breadth of scope. The leading teachers, together with Gropius, were Feininger, Klee, Kandinsky, Schlemmer and Moholy-Nagy. Klee taught theory, then painting on glass and tapestry; Kandinsky gave lessons in general theory, but concentrated more on abstract composition and monumental painting. Schlemmer and Moholy-Nagy rejuvenated the techniques of working in metal and plastic, the arts of theater and ballet, photography, typography, publicity and so on. Initially very Expressionist in spirit, the Bauhaus aesthetic became increasingly Constructivist and geometric.

First opening its doors in Weimar in 1919, the school moved to Dessau in 1925, and was housed in a new building designed by Gropius himself. In 1932 it moved again, to Berlin, but in the following year pressure from increasingly right-wing German authorities forced its closure.

Gerrit Rietveld
Rietveld chair
From the program 'The Rietveld Schröder House'

After the Second World War, however, Bauhaus traditions were continued with the founding under Max Bill of the Hochschule für Gestaltung und Kunst (College of Design and Art) in Ulm. The spirit of the Bauhaus also flourished in the United States, where many of its leading lights took refuge during the Nazi period. Moholy-Nagy established the New Bauhaus (later the Institute of Design) in Chicago; Mies van der Rohe became a towering influence in American architecture; Joseph Albers gave seminal tuition at Black Mountain College in North Carolina, and later at Yale, encouraging a generation of younger American artists and anticipating in his own paintings the development of optical and hard-edged Abstraction.

Paralleling the spread of the Bauhaus ethos from Germany, there emerged in Holland De Stijl, a movement originating in the work of painters like Mondrian and artist-designers like van Doesburg, van der Leck, Reitverl and Vantongerloo. As with the Bauhaus, De Stijl developed an aesthetic of purified geometry, and aimed to unify fine and applied arts. To a great extent the two movements have merged in their huge influence on subsequent art and design developments.

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